Orthogonal cutting, oblique cutting, turning operations, flank wear, wearland force, cutting force model, mechanics of cutting, chip formation, equivalent cutting edge. As the cutting plane advanced through the virtual figure, a 2d image of the resulting cross section appeared to the left of the virtual figure figure 2. Oblique cutting in oblique cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is inclined at an acute angle with the direction of tool feed or work feed, the chip begin disposed of at a certain angle. Shear strength of metal along shear plane is not affected by normal stress. Oblique projection imagery is captured at an angle and once properly georeferenced, can provide imagery that can be measured and is generally a bit more natural in appearance in bing maps they call this birds eye. The cutting edge of tool is perpendicular to the work piece axis. Chipcontrolled 3d complex cutting tool insert design and virtual. Oblique projection is a simple type of graphical projection used for producing pictorial, twodimensional images of threedimensional objects. The significance of normal rake in oblique machining. Interactive transformation of objects scale, rotation and editing of 3d objects are done interactively in real time. If the cutting face of the tool is at 90 o to the direction of the tool travel the cutting action is called as orthogonal cutting. A feature that distinguishes oblique machining or 3d cutting from orthogonal machining 2d or plane strain is the angle of obliquity, or the inclination angle. Spatial visualization training using interactive animation.
In firstangle projection, each view is shown as if the viewer is looking through the object and projecting the image on the other side. The proposed model only requires workpiece material properties and cutting conditions to predict the cutting forces during the orthogonal cutting process. In orthogonal cutting, the resultant force r applied to the chip by tool lies in a plane normal to the tool cutting edge. Orthogonal and oblique rotation methods definition. Aug 22, 2014 manufacturing technology orthogonal and oblique cutting orthogonal cutting the cutting edge of the tool is straight and perpendicular to the direction of motion. Orthogonal cutting in orthogonal cutting the tool approaches the work piece with its cutting edge parallel to the uncut surface and at right angle to the direction of cutting. Orthogonal cutting process an orthogonal metal cutting process for a controlled contact tool is depicted in figure 1 with labels illustrating the nomenclatures used in this paper. Projection matrix edit in the finitedimensional case, a square matrix p \displaystyle p is called a projection matrix if it is equal to its square, i. Factor analysis is a type of statistical procedure that is conducted to identify clusters or groups of related items called factors on a test. Again, the projector lines extending out from the camera hit the plane at an oblique angle, thus it is an oblique projection. Theory of metal cutting interview question and answers.
Physics of cutting mechanics force, power tool materials design for manufacturing 2. Orthogonal cutting model simplifies 3d cutting with a 2d model. Summary the orthogonal metal cutting process for a controlled contact tool is simulated. Ideally, the rotation will make the factors more easily interpretable. After changing the position and or orientation of the clipping plane, the new configuration can be saved by clicking on the store button. Analytical prediction of cutting forces in orthogonal cutting. Based on this analysis, predictive cutting force models for oblique cutting allowing for the effects of flank wear are proposed. This force is usually determined in experimental work, from the measurement of two orthogonal components.
Orthogonal and oblique cutting for lathe and planner duration. Consecutive development of this model can be used for oblique and complex cutting and can be implemented in real machining operations. Orthographic projections orthographic projections are a collection of 2d drawings that work together to give an accurate overall representation of an object. This cutting force coefficient model can be used for predicting cutting forces in milling, turning, boring, and drilling. For the 2d orthogonal mechanistic model we will ignore the radial component f t a a c f. Burr formation in orthogonal cutting was modeled as plastic bending of the noncut part of a work material 1, using energy methods and incompressibility assumptions 35, and fem modeling 68. Additionally, he has interested in product design, animation, and project design. Also the version of the software was not oriented toward dichotomous data and so recommendations you read about may indeed be more appropriate for your analysis. Here the cutting process and basic cutting tool parameters such as back rake angle, side rake. List the assumptions in calculating cutting force 2 what is orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting. The cutting edge is straight and is set in a position that is perpendicular to the direction. A projection on a hilbert space is called an orthogonal projection if it satisfies, for all, a projection on a hilbert space that is not orthogonal is called an oblique projection. Please see the complete video for understanding the concept.
Make the most of clipping plane imaris learning centre. In this video, we are discussing the concept of orthogonal and oblique cutting and difference between them. Turning forces for orthogonal model end view section aa note. Oct 16, 2010 this paper presents an analytical method based on the unequal division shearzone model to study the machining predictive theory. Development of predictive force models for classical. Orthogonal, in a computing context, describes a situation where a programming language or data object is can be used without considering its after effects towards other program functions. A projection on a vector space is a linear operator.
You can define tilted clipping planes and oblique cut planes, apply different. In the shear zone, the material constitutive relationship is described by johnsoncook model, and the. Manufacturing technology orthogonal and oblique cutting orthogonal cutting the cutting edge of the tool is straight and perpendicular to the direction of motion. Metal cutting could be done either by a single point cutting tool or a multi point cutting tool. With incredible speed and flexibility, amira enables advanced 3d imaging workflows for specialists in research areas ranging from molecular and cellular biology to neuroscience and bioengineering. Concept of orthogonal and oblique cutting and difference between. He also likes to write articles related to the mechanical engineering field and tries. An orthographic drawing represents a threedimensional object using several twodimensional views of the object. Amira is a powerful, multifaceted 3d software platform for visualizing, manipulating, and understanding data from computed tomography, microscopy, mri, and many other imaging modalities. Orthogonality in a programming language means that a relatively small set of primitive constructs can be combined in a relatively small number of ways to build the control and data structures of the language. Two dimensional orthogonal projections show what one would see looking directly at at one side face of an object. This paper presents details of developing a computer animation system for chip formation in oblique machining process.
Cartoon drawing software is an easytouse drawing software for drawing cartoons. There are two basic types of metal cutting by a single point cutting tool. Orthogonal cutting lab instructions orthogonal cutting lab. The simple orthogonal cutting tests are conducted on a lathe for each workpiece material.
Orthogonal and oblique are two different types of rotation methods used to analyze information from a factor analysis. The entire table will be filled out on the backside of the lab. Las x 3d visualization products leica microsystems. Metal cutting, commonly called machining, is the removal of. In computer programming, orthogonality means that operations change just one thing without affecting others.
Eric ed427031 orthogonal versus oblique factor rotation. For the 2d orthogonal mechanistic model we will ignore the longitudinal component 14. Orthogonal projection drawing software free download. An ale threedimensional model of orthogonal and oblique metal cutting processes olivier pantale, roger rakotomalala, maurice touratier l. A 3d animation software was developed to simulate the. Learn how to draw cartoons by searching and tracing cartoon drawings draw with your mouse or drawing tablet save your drawing as image, video or flash animation share your drawing to facebook, twitter and youtube. Each frame is the equivalent of a single drawing, or image. Software module to display 3d images in realtime with graphic. Feb 17, 2018 in this video, we are discussing the concept of orthogonal and oblique cutting and difference between them. Animation software allows for the creation of motion on a framebyframe basis.
Kim 3 orthogonal cutting in a lathe rake angle shear angle t o. Parameters, like slice numbers or orientations of cutting planes, can be adjusted directly by clicking into the diplayed geometry. The tool in orthogonal cutting has only two elements of geometry. Metal cutting, commonly called machining, is the removal. I am trying to simulate a 2d orthogonal cutting operation of bone at a velocity of. Cutting forces act on a smaller area of cutting surface on tool if orthogonal cutting is employed so it increases wear on tool tip. Tables 2 and 3 show factor correlation matrices for correlated and uncorrelated factors respectively. An elaborated description of single point cutting tool is given in this video with help of animation. Orthogonal cutting lab instructions orthogonal cutting. A projection on a hilbert space that is not orthogonal is called an oblique projection. This paper presents an analytical method based on the unequal division shearzone model to study the machining predictive theory. The first decision that a researcher must make is to decide whether heshe wants the factors to be correlated i. Concept of orthogonal and oblique cutting and difference. The orientation buttons specify three orthogonal positions for the clipping plane.
In virtually all applications of exploratory factor analysis, factors are rotated to better meet l. Friction is found to be the most critical parameter in the simulation, since good agreement can be achieved for individual process variables by tuning it. This type of cutting is also known as twodimensional cutting. In order to make the location of the axes fit the actual data points better, the program can rotate the axes. Factor analysis has been characterized as being at the heart of the score validation process. In each animation, the virtual geometric solid remained stationary while the cutting plane could be advanced through the figure with a slider bar that was manipulated with a mouse. Orthogonal cutting lab orthogonal cutting lab overview. A comprehensive analysis of the mechanics of cutting in the oblique cutting process is then carried out. Blade shaped cutter will be forced into a piece of aluminum or brass, shearing off a piece. The term is mostfrequently used regarding assembly instruction sets, as orthogonal instruction set orthogonality in a programming language means that a relatively small set of primitive constructs can be combined in a relatively small number of ways to build the control and data. In vector geometry, orthogonal indicates two vectors that are perpendicular to each other. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics.
The 3d chip animation model developed integrates chip flow equation, chip curling patterns, chip geometrical features and mathematical expression for 3d helix surface. What is the difference between oblique and orthogonal cutting. The software design makes fast 3d interaction possible. Here is a visual of what happens during a rotation when you only have two dimensions x and yaxis. Analytical prediction of cutting forces in orthogonal. I cant comment on whether it is better to use oblique rotation, but can only say that the real statistics software doesnt yet support oblique rotations. The extended general usage of orthogonal is where two things vary. Orthogonal cutting vs oblique cutting explained youtube. Orthogonal and oblique cuttingfor lathe and planner. Chapter 20 fundamentals of machining orthogonal machining.
An eulerian reference coordinate is used to describe the steady state motion of the workpiece relative to a stationary cutting tool. However oblique cutting distribute cutting forces to greater area thus increases tool life. Initially known and widely used as the 3d visualization tool of choice in microscopy and biomedical research, amira has become a more and more sophisticated product. A new burr formation model for orthogonal cutting of.
After changing the position andor orientation of the clipping plane, the new configuration can be saved by clicking on the store button. Views can be front, top, left side, right side, rear and bottom. The basic and main difference between orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting is that in orthogonal cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of motion but in oblique cutting, the cutting edge makes an angle with the d. Oblique cutting is another type of cutting in which the cutting edge of wedge shape cutting tool make a angle except right angle to the direction of tool motion. The wearland force and edge force are reconsidered by analysing the oblique cutting process and the. Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting orthogonal cutting in orthogonal cutting, the tool approaches the work piece with its cutting edge parallel to the uncut surface and at right angles to the direction of cutting. Ii abstract classical orthogonal and oblique cutting are the fundamental material removal or machining processes to which other practical machining processes can be related in. If neither equator nor the central meridian are aligned with and centered on the map axes, the result is commonly called an oblique projection.
Also the version of the software was not oriented toward dichotomous data and so recommendations you read about may. The cutting edge is inclined at an acute angle with normal to the cutting velocity vector is called oblique cutting process. What is the difference between an orthographic and oblique. Mechanism of metal cutting orthogonal cutting process cutting forces in orthogonal cutting process oblique cutting process e4education. Orthogonal and oblique rotation methods orthogonal and oblique are two different types of rotation methods used to analyze information from a factor analysis.